Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, iFashion Nova yaba sematheni kuba uhlobo olukhawulezayo lwefashoni olukhawulezayo lweedola ezingama-25 zedenim kunye nelokhwe ye-velvet yeedola ezingama-35 zazisemva kweqela “labasebenzi abahlawulwa ngokufihlakeleyo” ababesebenza kumzi-mveliso waseLos Angeles befuna ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa oko. ngokuchanekileyo.I-Instagrammable-impahla kunye nezixhobo eziye zaqatshelwa ngamandla yi-superstars ezifana neCardi B kunye neKardashian / Jenners.Ngokwengxelo kaDisemba ka-2019 yeNew York Times, iimpahla zeFashion Nova "zenziwe kwimizi-mveliso emininzi e- [Los Angeles] kwaye zityala amakhulu abasebenzi ezizigidi ezi-3.8 zeedola zaseMelika."Abanye babo kuthiwa ngabantu bahlawula i-2.77 yeedola ngeyure kwimibhobho yabo yelindle.”
Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-2006, iphumelele imbali eninzi yewaka leminyaka, ifashion nova (Fashion Nova) eMazantsi eCalifornia, isindululo sayo esidlangalaleni asiyonto inoveli.Ngapha koko, zibonisa ezo nkampani kudala zithwaxa iinkampani ezithengisa kwikomkhulu lasekhaya.Ngonaphakade i-21, eye yabhanga, ikhankanywe yiSebe lezaBasebenzi ("DOL") ngamaxesha amaninzi.s Ulwahlulo lweyure yoMvuzo kunye nezenzo zalo zokuvelisa.
Xa i“New York Times” yabhenca ngendlela ephawulekayo, umcebisi jikelele weFashion Nova wathi: “Nayiphi na ingcamango yokuba iFashion Nova inembopheleleko yokuhlawula imivuzo ephantsi kubantu abasebenza ngohlobo lwethu ayichananga.”Kwangelo xesha, inkampani yaqinisekisa ukuba isebenzisana nababoneleli abangaphezu kwe-700 umsebenzi wabo kukwenza iimveliso ezithe ngqo ezithengiswayo, "ezithobela ngokungqongqo umthetho waseCalifornia."
Nangona iziphumo ze-DOL zibonakala zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuphulwa kwemivuzo enzulu kunye nabasebenzi, kodwa kuphela ukuba inkampani inokuzibeka ngempumelelo njengomthengisi wempahla, ibango leFashion Nova lokuba lihambelana nomthetho waseCalifornia linokuba lilungile.Kwaye izixhobo, hayi umenzi.Ubuchwephesha bubalulekile kuba buthetha ukuba iinkampani kunye nezinye iinkampani zinokukhululwa kwityala phantsi kwe-AB 633 ("inqanaba eliphambili" lomthetho wokulwa nokuthuthumela ogqithiswe yiCalifornia kumashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo).
I-AB 633 yamiselwa ngo-1999. Injongo yayo kukuthintela imivuzo yeshishini lempahla e-California egcwele i-sweatshops (apho uninzi lwemveliso yempahla e-United States ikhona) ukuba ingabiwa.Nawuphi na umsebenzi ufumana umvuzo wabo apho.Kwiinkampani ezivelisa iimpahla ezishishina nomntu, lo mthetho ubonakala uyindlela ethembisayo yokuphelisa impatho-gadalala karhulumente ethe yatshayela yonke imveliso yempahla.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekugqityweni kwe-AB 633 (ecaphukisa kakhulu kwiinkampani zaseCalifornian zefashoni kunye nempahla), ukusebenza kwayo kube ngumxholo wokuphononongwa rhoqo.Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuba i-AB 633 igxininise kubantu "abalimazekileyo ngabavelisi bempahla, abasebenzi, iikontraka, okanye iikontraka eziphantsi kokuhlawula umvuzo okanye izibonelelo", ukuziphatha kwabathengisi (njengeFashion Nova) Funda umthetho ngokungqongqo.
Kunjengokuba uHilda Solis, ilungu leBhodi yaBaphathi beNqila yaseLos Angeles (owayesakuba nguNobhala Wezabasebenzi waseUnited States), kutshanje wathi: “Kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo, abanye abathengisi nabenzi bemveliso baye bamisela iikontraka ezingaphantsi komthetho, ngaloo ndlela bekuphepha ukuchazwa njengempahla yokunxiba. umenzi.Kwaye ukuphepha uxanduva [ngokuka-AB 633], ngaloo ndlela kuthintela amawaka abasebenzi bempahla eLos Angeles County ekufumaneni imivuzo ebiweyo.”
Indima ephambili kwindlela yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweempahla ezibunjiweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkampani ezifumileyo zinokubaleka uxanduva?Ngonaphakade21.Njengoko i-Los Angeles Times ibike kwi-2017, xa i-DOL ijongene nesimangalo se-DOL esibandakanya ukuphulwa kwabasebenzi kunye nomvuzo kwi-chain chain chain, i-Forever 21 yazuza kwi-AB633.Ukuze kuthintelwe iziphumo zomthetho, "Ngonaphakade 21 [charactically lilele] kumthengisi, hayi umenzi.", Kuba yonke imveliso yempahla kunye nezincedisi ezithengiswayo zenziwa ngaphandle ikhonkco labasebenzi.Ke ngoko, amagqwetha enkampani aphikisa ngelithi “ibe (ubuncinci) inyathelo elinye kude kumzi-mveliso waseLos Angeles.Ibango layo lisebenzile: Ngokwengxelo yeLos Angeles Times, ukusukela ngo-2017, "iifektri zokuthunga kunye nabavelisi beevenkile ezinkulu bahlawule amakhulu amawaka eedola ukulungisa amabango aba basebenzi, kwaye" ngonaphakade 21 "akufuneki ahlawule. isenti.imali.”
Ezinye iinkampani ezifanayo zalandela ngokulandelayo kwaye zathatha ukuba sesichengeni okubonelelwa ngu-AB 633 njengegazi lobomi.
Kulo mongo, iSeneti yeLizwe laseCalifornia ayizange ithethe.USenator kaRhulumente uMaría Elena Durazo (uMaría Elena Durazo) wazisa kwaye wazisa i-bill entsha ngoFebruwari 2020. Kwaye abancinci) banoxanduva lomvuzo wabantu abaqeshwe ngabanye.
Umthetho oyilwayo omtsha (SB-1399), ukuba uphunyezwe ngokusesikweni, uya kuzalisa i-AB 633 loophole ukuthintela abathengisi ukuba baphephe uxanduva lokuphulwa kwemivuzo kunye nabasebenzi okunokuthi kwenzeke phantsi kophahla lwabo kodwa kusenzeka kwiikhonkco zabo zokubonelela..Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kuya kuthi kwinqanaba elikhulu kuthintelwe ulwakhiwo lomvuzo olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, apho umvuzo kufuneka uhlawulwe kubantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe kwinani lempahla abayivelisayo, kwaye inkqubo yomvuzo weyure kufuneka yamkelwe.Olu tshintsho lunokunceda ukuphelisa ulwakhiwo lwentlawulo lulonke, oluvumela abavelisi ukuba baphephe ukuhlawula abasebenzi umvuzo weyure okhoyo ngoku we-$14.25.
USolis wachaza ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba kuqikelelwa kuma-45,000 abasebenzi bempahla eLos Angeles County.Umvuzo oqhelekileyo weyure wabasebenzi bempahla yi-$5.15 ngeyure, kwaye iiyure zabo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza zingaphezu kweeyure ezili-12 ngosuku, kwaye iiyure zabo zokusebenza ngeveki ziphakathi kweeyure ezingama-60 nezingama-70.
Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza ekwandiseni inkcazo yokwenziwa kwempahla ukubandakanya ukudaya, ukutshintsha uyilo lweempahla, kunye nokuncamathelisa iilebhile kwiimpahla, ibhili iya kugunyazisa abaphandi beBureau yoMkomishinala woMsebenzi weSizwe ukuba bapapashe iimbekiselo kulo lonke unikezelo., Hayi nje kwikontraki, ukwenzela ukuba igunya elinobuchule likwazi uxanduva "kumthengisi".
Umthetho awukasayinwa, kwaye umthetho oyilwayo ufumene iimpendulo ezahlukahlukeneyo.Nangona ifumene imvume yokuqala evela kwi-California State Senate Labour, iKomiti yeNgqesho yoLuntu kunye neKomiti yoMhlalaphantsi ngoMeyi, kwaye kutshanje ifumene imvume epheleleyo evela kwiSenethi yeSizwe, akukho mathandabuzo okuba ijongene nokucinezelwa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kuquka iCalifornia Fashion.Lo mbutho ngumbutho wezorhwebo amalungu awo aquka iinkampani ezifana neDov Charney's Los Angeles Apparel, iAlibaba kunye neTopson Downs, kunye neefem zamagqwetha ezaziwa ngokuxhathisa iFashion Nova kunye neForever 21.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umthetho oyilwayo usafuna ukuvunywa yindlu yowiso-mthetho, kwaye ekugqibeleni kufuneka usayinwe yiRhuluneli uGavin Newsom (Gavin Newsom) ngaphambi kokuba upasiswe.
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